2.1 数据库操作

默认保留的数据库

$ show dbs $ use articledb $ show dbs

当使用 use articledb 的时候. articledb 其实存放在内存之中, 当 articledb 中存在一个 collection 之后, mongo 才会将这个数据库持久化到硬盘之中.

2.2 文档基本 CRUD

官方文档: https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/crud/

2.2.1 创建 Create

Create or insert operations add new documents to a collection. If the collection does not currently exist, insert operations will create the collection automatically.

db.collection.insert({
  <document or array of documents>,
  writeConcern: <document>,
  ordered: <boolean>
})

// 向集合中添加一个文档
db.collection.insertOne(
   { item: "canvas", qty: 100, tags: ["cotton"], size: { h: 28, w: 35.5, uom: "cm" } }
)
// 向集合中添加多个文档
db.collection.insertMany([
   { item: "journal", qty: 25, tags: ["blank", "red"], size: { h: 14, w: 21, uom: "cm" } },
   { item: "mat", qty: 85, tags: ["gray"], size: { h: 27.9, w: 35.5, uom: "cm" } },
   { item: "mousepad", qty: 25, tags: ["gel", "blue"], size: { h: 19, w: 22.85, uom: "cm" } }
])

注：当我们向 collection 中插入 document 文档时, 如果没有给文档指定 _id 属性, 那么数据库会为文档自动添加 _id field, 并且值类型是 ObjectId(blablabla), 就是文档的唯一标识, 类似于 relational database 里的 primary key

mongo 中的数字, 默认情况下是 double 类型, 如果要存整型, 必须使用函数 NumberInt(整型数字), 否则取出来就有问题了插入当前日期可以使用 new Date()

如果某条数据插入失败, 将会终止插入, 但已经插入成功的数据不会回滚掉. 因为批量插入由于数据较多容易出现失败, 因此, 可以使用 try catch 进行异常捕捉处理, 测试的时候可以不处理.如：

try {
  db.comment.insertMany([
    {"_id":"1","articleid":"100001","content":"我们不应该把清晨浪费在手机上, 健康很重要, 一杯温水幸福你我 他.","userid":"1002","nickname":"相忘于江湖","createdatetime":new Date("2019-0805T22:08:15.522Z"),"likenum":NumberInt(1000),"state":"1"},
    {"_id":"2","articleid":"100001","content":"我夏天空腹喝凉开水, 冬天喝温开水","userid":"1005","nickname":"伊人憔 悴","createdatetime":new Date("2019-08-05T23:58:51.485Z"),"likenum":NumberInt(888),"state":"1"},
    {"_id":"3","articleid":"100001","content":"我一直喝凉开水, 冬天夏天都喝.","userid":"1004","nickname":"杰克船 长","createdatetime":new Date("2019-08-06T01:05:06.321Z"),"likenum":NumberInt(666),"state":"1"},
    {"_id":"4","articleid":"100001","content":"专家说不能空腹吃饭, 影响健康.","userid":"1003","nickname":"凯 撒","createdatetime":new Date("2019-08-06T08:18:35.288Z"),"likenum":NumberInt(2000),"state":"1"},
    {"_id":"5","articleid":"100001","content":"研究表明, 刚烧开的水千万不能喝, 因为烫 嘴.","userid":"1003","nickname":"凯撒","createdatetime":new Date("2019-0806T11:01:02.521Z"),"likenum":NumberInt(3000),"state":"1"}

]);

} catch (e) {
  print (e);
}

2.2.2 查询 Read